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What's your tongue trying to tell you?

Mr Luke Cascarini et Mr Alastair Fry, consultant oral and maxillofacial head and neck surgeons at Hôpital London Bridge, point out that our tongues can gives us some clues about our health.

"Probably not as much as some people like to believe, but deficiencies in iron, B12, acide folique and ferritin can present with sore tongues which sometimes looks 'beefy'," reveals Cascarini.

Deficiencies aren't the only cause of tongue trouble. Sometimes eating more of a certain food can also have an adverse effect.

"People who eat very soft food get overgrowth of the tiny papillae which coat the tongue (healthy 'roughage' rubs them off which is the natural process). The unhealthily long papillae trap food and debris and become foul tasting and smelly," he says.

Some conditions will cause more obvious signs that there is something wrong.

"Common conditions such as geographic tongue can also make the tongue sore," Cascarini notes, along with rashes like lichen planus et muguet buccal that cause white patches on the tongue.

If you have an ulcer that isn't healing, either on top or underneath your tongue, this could be a sign of cancer - although it's important to remember this is not always the case. Additional symptoms include unusual red or white patches in the mouth that may change shape.

"Tongue cancer is one of the few cancers which is becoming more common and is affecting young people and non-smokers," Cascarini advises (although smokers are still at much higher risk). So it's important to raise any prolonged symptoms with your doctor.

Underlying conditions aside, just how important is it to clean your tongue as part of your daily routine? According to dentist Dr Richard Marques, it's just as important as cleaning any other part of your mouth.

"Your tongue is like a sponge where bacteria and food particles get trapped and build up throughout the day and whilst you sleep," he explains.

"Leaving them there to multiply can lead to all sorts of unpleasant results, ranging from bad breath and a furry tongue, all the way to tooth decay and gum disease when the bacteria spread to other parts of your mouth."

Fry notes that your diet also plays a large part in tongue hygiene.

"If you eat a lot of 'roughage', such as raw vegetables, your tongue will be naturally clean. However, most of us don't - so tongue cleaning as part of your twice daily oral health regimen is a good idea," he suggests.

"If you eat soft food and the papillae become very long then the trapped debris and bacteria can be very smelly indeed; this is one of the common causes of halitose."

Regular flossing works to combat trapped food. Conversely, not eating enough food is another cause of bad breath and is common with crash diets and eating disorders.

Marques suggests that skipping cleaning your tongue is actually a leading cause of bad breath due to build-up of bacteria and food debris.

"They are particularly potent at the back of the tongue - so be thorough!" he adds.

The best way to naturally clean your tongue is to eat a healthy balanced diet and brush twice a day with a good toothbrush.

"Special tongue cleaners are available but are not really any better than a toothbrush," says Fry.

Marques advises that you: "Gently brush your tongue twice a day with your toothbrush once you have finished cleaning your teeth. Use a little toothpaste and apply gentle pressure before rinsing with water."

"If you feel you need to be more thorough (perhaps you've eaten sticky foods or consumed red wine) you can use a tongue scraper," he adds.

"Just be really careful not to apply too much pressure, and stop if it becomes uncomfortable or bleeding occurs."

Always be careful not to poke the back of your throat and gently scrape forwards to clear the tongue of any coating.