Hashimoto's disease
Dernière mise à jour 22 Dec 2025
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Hashimoto's disease is a condition that affects the function of the thyroid, which is a butterfly-shaped gland in the lower neck. The thyroid makes hormones that help regulate a wide variety of critical body functions. For example, thyroid hormones influence growth and development, body temperature, heart rate, menstrual cycles, and weight. Hashimoto's disease is a form of chronic inflammation that can damage the thyroid, reducing its ability to produce hormones.
Description
Hashimoto's disease is a condition that affects the function of the thyroid, which is a butterfly-shaped gland in the lower neck. The thyroid makes hormones that help regulate a wide variety of critical body functions. For example, thyroid hormones influence growth and development, body temperature, heart rate, menstrual cycles, and weight. Hashimoto's disease is a form of chronic inflammation that can damage the thyroid, reducing its ability to produce hormones.
One of the first signs of Hashimoto's disease is an enlargement of the thyroid called a goiter. Depending on its size, the enlarged thyroid can cause the neck to look swollen and may interfere with breathing and swallowing. As damage to the thyroid continues, the gland can shrink over a period of years and the goiter may eventually disappear.
Other signs and symptoms resulting from an underactive thyroid can include excessive tiredness (fatigue), weight gain or difficulty losing weight, hair that is thin and dry, a slow heart rate, joint or muscle pain, and constipation. People with Hashimoto's disease may also have a pale, puffy face and feel cold even when others around them are warm. Affected women can have heavy or irregular menstrual periods and difficulty conceiving a child (impaired fertility). Difficulty concentrating and depression can also be signs of a shortage of thyroid hormones.
Hashimoto's disease usually appears in mid-adulthood, although it can occur earlier or later in life. Its signs and symptoms tend to develop gradually over months or years.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Pattern unknown. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Autoimmune chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditides
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis
Hashimoto disease
Hashimoto struma
Hashimoto syndrome
Hashimoto thyroidosis
Lymphocytic thyroiditis
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Lectures complémentaires et références
- Hashimoto's disease; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Dong YH, Fu DG. Autoimmune thyroid disease: mechanism, genetics and current knowledge. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(23):3611-8.
- Eschler DC, Hasham A, Tomer Y. Cutting edge: the etiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2011 Oct;41(2):190-7. doi: 10.1007/s12016-010-8245-8.
- Fathima N, Narne P, Ishaq M. Association and gene-gene interaction analyses for polymorphic variants in CTLA-4 and FOXP3 genes: role in susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrine. 2019 Jun;64(3):591-604. doi: 10.1007/s12020-019-01859-3. Epub 2019 Feb 15.
- Hasham A, Tomer Y. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in thyroid autoimmunity. Immunol Res. 2012 Dec;54(1-3):204-13. doi: 10.1007/s12026-012-8302-x.
- Jabrocka-Hybel A, Skalniak A, Piatkowski J, Pach D, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A. How far are we from understanding the genetic basis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis? Int Rev Immunol. 2013 Jun;32(3):337-54. doi: 10.3109/08830185.2012.755175. Epub 2013 Apr 25.
- Kalantar K, Khansalar S, Eshkevar Vakili M, Ghasemi D, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Amirghofran Z. ASSOCIATION OF FOXP3 GENE VARIANTS WITH RISK OF HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS AND CORRELATION WITH ANTI-TPO ANTIBODY LEVELS. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar). 2019 Oct-Dec;15(4):423-429. doi: 10.4183/aeb.2019.423.
- Institut National du Diabète et des Maladies Digestives et Rénales
- Ruggeri RM, Giovinazzo S, Barbalace MC, Cristani M, Alibrandi A, Vicchio TM, Giuffrida G, Aguennouz MH, Malaguti M, Angeloni C, Trimarchi F, Hrelia S, Campenni A, Cannavo S. Influence of Dietary Habits on Oxidative Stress Markers in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Thyroid. 2021 Jan;31(1):96-105. doi: 10.1089/thy.2020.0299. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
- Tomer Y. Genetic susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease: past, present, and future. Thyroid. 2010 Jul;20(7):715-25. doi: 10.1089/thy.2010.1644.
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