What counts as close contact?

Public health teams assess who may be at risk when a case of meningococcal disease is confirmed. The people most likely to be contacted are those who have had close, direct or prolonged contact with the infected person.

This may include:

• People who live in the same household or shared accommodation.

• Intimate partners

• Those who have had direct exposure to respiratory droplets, such as through kissing or sharing drinks, cigarettes, or utensils.

Casual contact, such as being in the same lecture theatre, workplace, or public space, usually does not pose a significant risk.

If you are considered a close contact, health officials will normally contact you directly.

Close contacts of a confirmed meningococcal case are often offered preventative antibiotics. This is known as prophylaxis.

The purpose of these antibiotics is to eliminate any meningococcal bacteria that may be present in the nose or throat before they can cause illness or spread to others.

Preventative treatment is usually arranged quickly through local health protection teams, GPs, or hospital services.

Most people who hear about a case in their wider community do not need antibiotics.

Even if you have not been identified as a close contact, it's sensible to remain aware of the symptoms of meningitis and septicaemia for the following days or weeks.

Symptoms can develop quickly and may worsen within hours, so it is important not to ignore signs of serious illness.

Vaccination can reduce the risk of some types of meningococcal disease.

Teenagers in the UK are routinely offered the MenACWY vaccine, which protects against four strains of meningococcal bacteria. Babies are also vaccinated against MenB, another important strain.

When meningococcal cases occur, public health teams respond quickly to identify those at highest risk and offer treatment where necessary. These measures are designed to prevent further spread and protect the wider community.

Although meningitis is a serious illness, it remains rare, and most people who hear about a case will not develop the infection.

Staying informed, recognising symptoms early and seeking medical help if needed are the most important steps you can take.