Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
Dernière mise à jour 8 Sept 2020
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Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is an inherited form of vision loss. Although this condition usually begins in a person's teens or twenties, rare cases may appear in early childhood or later in adulthood. For unknown reasons, males are affected much more often than females.
Description
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is an inherited form of vision loss. Although this condition usually begins in a person's teens or twenties, rare cases may appear in early childhood or later in adulthood. For unknown reasons, males are affected much more often than females.
Blurring and clouding of vision are usually the first symptoms of LHON. These vision problems may begin in one eye or simultaneously in both eyes; if vision loss starts in one eye, the other eye is usually affected within several weeks or months. Over time, vision in both eyes worsens with a severe loss of sharpness (visual acuity) and colour vision. This condition mainly affects central vision, which is needed for detailed tasks such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces. Vision loss results from the death of cells in the nerve that relays visual information from the eyes to the brain (the optic nerve). Although central vision gradually improves in a small percentage of cases, in most cases the vision loss is profound and permanent.
Vision loss is typically the only symptom of LHON; however, some families with additional signs and symptoms have been reported. In these individuals, the condition is described as "LHON plus." In addition to vision loss, the features of LHON plus can include movement disorders, tremors, and abnormalities of the electrical signals that control the heartbeat (cardiac conduction defects). Some affected individuals develop features similar to multiple sclerosis, which is a chronic disorder characterised by muscle weakness, poor coordination, numbness, and a variety of other health problems.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: mitochondrial. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Hereditary optic neuroretinopathy
Leber hereditary optic atrophy
Leber optic atrophy
Neuropathie optique héréditaire de Leber
l’atrophie optique de Leber
neuropathie optique de Leber
LHON
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Lectures complémentaires et références
- Leber hereditary optic neuropathy; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Mroczek-Tonska K, Kisiel B, Piechota J, Bartnik E. Leber hereditary optic neuropathy--a disease with a known molecular basis but a mysterious mechanism of pathology. J Appl Genet. 2003;44(4):529-38.
- Newman NJ. Hereditary optic neuropathies: from the mitochondria to the optic nerve. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 Sep;140(3):517-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.03.017.
- Spruijt L, Kolbach DN, de Coo RF, Plomp AS, Bauer NJ, Smeets HJ, de Die-Smulders CE. Influence of mutation type on clinical expression of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Apr;141(4):676-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.11.007.
- Tonska K, Kodron A, Bartnik E. Genotype-phenotype correlations in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Jun-Jul;1797(6-7):1119-23. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.02.032. Epub 2010 Mar 6.
- Yu-Wai-Man P, Chinnery PF. Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. 2000 Oct 26 [updated 2021 Mar 11]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1174/
- Yu-Wai-Man P, Griffiths PG, Hudson G, Chinnery PF. Inherited mitochondrial optic neuropathies. J Med Genet. 2009 Mar;46(3):145-58. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2007.054270. Epub 2008 Nov 10.
- Yu-Wai-Man P, Turnbull DM, Chinnery PF. Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. J Med Genet. 2002 Mar;39(3):162-9. doi: 10.1136/jmg.39.3.162.
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