Researchers found that the use of information technology, particularly smart phones, causes chemical changes in the brain similar to those we experience when we drink alcohol, have sex or are given money. The use of smart phones is addictive, especially when we share details of our lives on social media.

Getting a digital dose

So every time we get a like on Facebook, a text message or an email, our dopamine level is given a boost and we feel good. Simon Sinek, author, motivational speaker and marketing consultant, believes this is a particular problem of the millennial generation (those born from 1984) who were brought up with a sense of entitlement. Denied nothing by their parents, they grew up to believe that their every need should be instantly satisfied. Finding the real world was not like that, they needed to find coping strategies to deal with the inevitable drop in self-esteem that followed.

Some used alcohol, some drugs and others turned to their smart phones. There’s nothing like that little ping on your phone notifying you that someone somewhere is making contact.

The theory holds out so far but has its detractors. Every generation has its problems and many believe this is over-generalising. Animal studies suggest that dopamine is not quite the pleasure chemical it was once thought to be.

Nevertheless, whatever neurobiochemical high jinks are going on, the evidence that smart phone use is addictive continues to grow. Studied measuring the part of the brain associated with pleasure, gratification and reward (the mesolimbic system) show that activity does increase whenever we use smart phones, particularly to access social media.

It’s not as if people have needed organ transplants from smart phone dependency or catch nasty infections from sharing phones. The fact is that smart phone addiction has been shown to damage finances, destroy relationships and prevent people from achieving their full potential in the workplace and in society as a whole.

Taking a smart phone into the bedroom raises the problem to a whole new level. Studies suggest that the use of smart phones in the bedroom is associated with a delay in the sleep cycle, so people go to sleep later and wake later. Not good news if you have to get up in the morning.

If it’s your partner who’s taking their mobile phone into the bedroom, it might be worth mentioning that the glow eminating from their side of the bed isn't doing either of you any good.

Like celebrities that hate each other (see British Journal of Gwyneth Paltrow and Madonna) it has long been known that dopamine and melatonin are mutually antagonistic.

Whatever the link between dopamine and addiction, it’s known that levels rise when the mesolimbic system is activated. It’s tempting to suggest that anything which stimulates the mesolimbic system is going to inhibit melatonin production. So the last thing you need is a huge boost of mesolimbic activity before you try to sleep.

There is of course another issue; LED screens. Studies with e-readers showed that exposure to blue light (which looks white but is perversely in the blue spectrum) is known to affect the
levels of melanopsin, a photopigment with many functions, including those associated with sleep.

Taking a smart phone into the bedroom is not in itself harmful. If it’s switched off, and you don’t use it.

But add in the availability and addictive potential of the technology, the chances are that the phone will get switched on sooner or later. Having just closed down your laptop in the living room, your mesolimbic system is already in overdrive. You can’t sleep, you’re bored, and maybe a little bit down after underperforming at work (because you were tired from your lack of sleep the night before). Is anybody still awake? Might as well check out what your Facebook friends in Australia are up to.

It’s simple. Don’t take your smart phone into the bedroom.

This is where the voice of the true addict pipes up. ‘But I charge my phone in the bedroom’. So charge your phone in the living room. ‘Someone might need me in an emergency.’ Be honest. When did anyone last need you at night in an emergency? Best of all, ‘I use my phone as an alarm clock’. So buy an alarm clock. You can get them for a fiver - just don't choose one with a huge glowing screen if you actually want to sleep.

I’m not one of those doctors who’s under the illusion that just because advice is good, it will be taken. There will be people who would rather lose an eye than an iPhone.

In that case, you’re in a damage limitation scenario. Apps which enable your phone to adjust to ambient lighting are available, some shipped free with the phone. The theory is that reduced LED lighting will maintain your melanopsis levels, and people do find them helpful.

For those who genuinely have to take emergency phone calls at night there are apps which unplug you from the internet whilst keeping the phone function working, and ‘dumb’ retro-phones which have no internet connection at all.